Perrone,; Larsen,; Ferrero,; Sangiorgi,; Gennaro, De; Udisti,; Zangrando,; Gambaro,; Bolzacchini, Science of The Total Environment, 414 (0), pp. 343 - 355, 2012, ISSN: 0048-9697. @article{Perrone2012343, title = {Sources of high PM2.5 concentrations in Milan, Northern Italy: Molecular marker data and CMB modelling}, author = {M.G. Perrone and B.R. Larsen and L. Ferrero and G. Sangiorgi and G. De Gennaro and R. Udisti and R. Zangrando and A. Gambaro and E. Bolzacchini}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969711012915}, issn = {0048-9697}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {414}, number = {0}, pages = {343 - 355}, abstract = {In Milan (MI), the largest city in Northern Italy, the annually average PM2.5 concentration is above 25 μg m− 3, the value that the EU established as a target for 2010, and the upper limit from 2015 onwards (2008/30/CE). Over a three-year period (2006–2009) PM concentrations and chemical compositions were measured in an urban site (MI), a rural site (OB) and a remote site (ASC) in Northern Italy. Chemical characterization (EC/OC, inorganic ions, elements, C20–C32 n-alkanes, C2–C5 mono and dicarboxylic acids, levoglucosan and PAHs) was carried out on PM2.5 samples from the three sites, and PM10 from MI. Molecular markers were used in Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modelling to estimate the contributions of primary sources to OC, and then PM mass from each source was reconstructed in MI, OB and ASC for different seasons. Estimates of the traffic (TR) source contribution to PM2.5 mass ranged from 4.1 (± 2.0) μg m− 3 during the summer, to 13.3 (± 6.7) μg m− 3 during the winter in MI. TR was the main primary source for PM2.5 concentrations in MI (17–24%). Its contribution was lower at the OB site (7–9%) and at the remote ASC site (3–4%). TR is a local source, while biomass burning (BB) is a diffuse regional source in Northern Italy: during fall and winter, BB was 25–30% and 27–31% of PM2.5 at MI and OB respectively. Other primary sources accounted for a small amount of the PM2.5, i.e. natural gas combustion (0–1%), plant debris (0–4%), road dust (RD = 0–4%; but 15% at ASC during winter and 10% of PM10 at MI during summer) and sea salt (0–1%). Secondary inorganic + organic aerosol constituted the major part of the PM2.5 mass during spring and summer (50–65%) at the three sites.}, keywords = {} } In Milan (MI), the largest city in Northern Italy, the annually average PM2.5 concentration is above 25 μg m− 3, the value that the EU established as a target for 2010, and the upper limit from 2015 onwards (2008/30/CE). Over a three-year period (2006–2009) PM concentrations and chemical compositions were measured in an urban site (MI), a rural site (OB) and a remote site (ASC) in Northern Italy. Chemical characterization (EC/OC, inorganic ions, elements, C20–C32 n-alkanes, C2–C5 mono and dicarboxylic acids, levoglucosan and PAHs) was carried out on PM2.5 samples from the three sites, and PM10 from MI. Molecular markers were used in Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) modelling to estimate the contributions of primary sources to OC, and then PM mass from each source was reconstructed in MI, OB and ASC for different seasons. Estimates of the traffic (TR) source contribution to PM2.5 mass ranged from 4.1 (± 2.0) μg m− 3 during the summer, to 13.3 (± 6.7) μg m− 3 during the winter in MI. TR was the main primary source for PM2.5 concentrations in MI (17–24%). Its contribution was lower at the OB site (7–9%) and at the remote ASC site (3–4%). TR is a local source, while biomass burning (BB) is a diffuse regional source in Northern Italy: during fall and winter, BB was 25–30% and 27–31% of PM2.5 at MI and OB respectively. Other primary sources accounted for a small amount of the PM2.5, i.e. natural gas combustion (0–1%), plant debris (0–4%), road dust (RD = 0–4%; but 15% at ASC during winter and 10% of PM10 at MI during summer) and sea salt (0–1%). Secondary inorganic + organic aerosol constituted the major part of the PM2.5 mass during spring and summer (50–65%) at the three sites. |
Ferrero,; Cappelletti,; Moroni,; Sangiorgi,; Perrone,; Crocchianti,; Bolzacchini, Wintertime aerosol dynamics and chemical composition across the mixing layer over basin valleys (Article) Atmospheric Environment, 56 (0), pp. 143 - 153, 2012, ISSN: 1352-2310. @article{Ferrero2012143, title = {Wintertime aerosol dynamics and chemical composition across the mixing layer over basin valleys}, author = {L. Ferrero and D. Cappelletti and B. Moroni and G. Sangiorgi and M.G. Perrone and S. Crocchianti and E. Bolzacchini}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012003123}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {56}, number = {0}, pages = {143 - 153}, abstract = {Aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions were characterized during extensive balloon soundings over the Terni valley (central Italy). The evolution of aerosol size distributions across the mixing layer, and further up, revealed features similar in many aspects to those observed over Milan (the Po Valley) and attributed to sedimentation and ageing dynamics. Sedimentation led to a lower vertical mixing of coarse particles than of fine ones. This also resulted in a decline in the mean volume of coarse particles across the mixing height (−50.5 ± 15.1% and −47.2 ± 12.4% over Terni and Milan, respectively) accompanied by a reduction in crustal components. Conversely, fine particles were subject to ageing, resulting in an increase in their mean volume above the mixing height (+10.9 ± 4.8% and +4.0 ± 3.1% over Terni and Milan, respectively); this process was accompanied by an increase in secondary aerosol components, and a greater correlation between different aerosol size-classes. These results were obtained over basins of different sizes and geographical location; as such, they corroborate the presence of common forms of behaviour driven by comparable meteorological and orographic conditions, which seem to characterize polluted basin valleys in general.}, keywords = {} } Aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions were characterized during extensive balloon soundings over the Terni valley (central Italy). The evolution of aerosol size distributions across the mixing layer, and further up, revealed features similar in many aspects to those observed over Milan (the Po Valley) and attributed to sedimentation and ageing dynamics. Sedimentation led to a lower vertical mixing of coarse particles than of fine ones. This also resulted in a decline in the mean volume of coarse particles across the mixing height (−50.5 ± 15.1% and −47.2 ± 12.4% over Terni and Milan, respectively) accompanied by a reduction in crustal components. Conversely, fine particles were subject to ageing, resulting in an increase in their mean volume above the mixing height (+10.9 ± 4.8% and +4.0 ± 3.1% over Terni and Milan, respectively); this process was accompanied by an increase in secondary aerosol components, and a greater correlation between different aerosol size-classes. These results were obtained over basins of different sizes and geographical location; as such, they corroborate the presence of common forms of behaviour driven by comparable meteorological and orographic conditions, which seem to characterize polluted basin valleys in general. |
2012
Science of The Total Environment, 414 (0), pp. 343 - 355, 2012, ISSN: 0048-9697. |
Wintertime aerosol dynamics and chemical composition across the mixing layer over basin valleys (Article) Atmospheric Environment, 56 (0), pp. 143 - 153, 2012, ISSN: 1352-2310. |